Are non‐lethal weapons a viable military option to strengthen the hearts and minds approach in Afghanistan?

Commanders of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) have repeatedly stressed the hearts and minds approach in Afghanistan, in saying that the human terrain is decisive for a successful outcome of the mission. Avoidance of civilian casualties is considered of strategic importance, and by nature highly dependent on the management of tactical level Escalation of Force (EoF) situations. Non‐lethal weapons (NLWs) are expected to enable tactical commanders to avoid innocent civilian casualties in such situations. This article considers a selected NLW on its potential to accomplish this requirement. It uses a defence technology assessment approach to analyse EoF situations experienced by Dutch ISAF forces in which the NLW is inserted. The analysis demonstrates that a range of contextual factors in the Afghanistan high‐risk environment tend to narrow down the window of opportunity for the NLW to help defuse the risk of unintended civil casualties.     

微型桥梁索力测量毫米波雷达

在详细分析拉索雷达散射特性、频率法索力反演原理和拉索频率雷达测量原理的基础上,设计研制了一种77 GHz毫米波微型索力测量雷达,并给出了针对作用距离、精度和测量动态性能的系统约束参数集.与24 GHz K波段形变测量雷达进行比较,结果表明,所研制的毫米波微型索力测量雷达具有体积、质量和功耗小的技术特点,工程应用价值较大...     

Survey and technological analysis of laser and its defense applications

The laser technology has made remarkable progress over the past couple of decades.It is being widely employed in diverse domains,such as holography,space sciences,spectroscopy,medical sciences,micro and power electronics,industrial engineering,and most distinctively,as directed energy military weapons.Owing to their active transmissions,laser systems are similar to microwave radars to some extent;however,unlike conventional radars,the laser operates at very high frequencies thus making it a potent enabler of narrow-beam and high energy aerial deployments,both in offensive and defensive roles.In modern avionics systems,laser target indicators and beam riders are the most common devices that are used to direct the Laser Guided Weapons(LGW)accurately to the ground targets.Additionally,compact size and outstanding angular resolution of laser-based systems motivate their use for drones and unmanned aerial applications.Moreover,the narrow-beam divergence of laser emissions offers a low probability of intercept,making it a suitable contender for secure transmissions and safety-critical operations.Furthermore,the developments in space sciences and laser technology have given syner-gistic potential outcomes to use laser systems in space operations.This paper comprehensively reviews laser applications and projects for strategic defense actions on the ground or in space.Additionally,a detailed analysis has been done on recent advancements of the laser technology for target indicators and range-finders.It also reviews the advancements in the field of laser communications for surveillance,its earlier state of the art,and ongoing scientific research and ad-vancements in the domain of high energy directed laser weapons that have revolutionized the evolving military battlefield.Besides offering a comprehensive taxonomy,the paper also critically analyzes some of the recent contributions in the associated domains.     

基于粗精度DEM的复杂地形InSAR基线估计方法

基线精度对合成孔径雷达干涉测量极其重要,在研究传统基线估计方法的基础上,提出了一种基于粗精度DEM的基线估计方法。利用SRTM数字高程及初始轨道数据去除干涉相位中的地形条纹,通过分析剩余条纹的空间频率估计精确基线,具有不依赖于精确轨道数据、不受地形限制的优点。利用西藏玛尼山区ERS1/2数据进行了实测数据验证,实验结果表明得到的基线精度优于传统方法。     

10.6μm 双路 NH2D 斯塔克盒稳频CO2 激光拍频系统研究

在无恒温设备,无特殊防震措施,激光器采用泵浦循环水冷却,稳频环路采用常温热释电探测器的条件下,我们成功地建立了１０．６μｍ双路ＮＨ_２Ｄ斯塔克盒稳频ＣＯ_２激光拍频系统。文中重点对稳频系统的频率稳定性的拍频测试进行实验研究,并对关键技术进行了讨论。用拍频法及阿仑方差评价的频率稳定性是：取样时间为１０_ｓ、１ｓ的频率稳定性优于４×１０~（－１０）;取样时间为１００ｍｓ、１０ｍｓ、１ｍｓ的频率稳定性优于１．７×１０~（－９）。     

基于双星编队SAR的差分干涉研究

结合系统特点,分析了利用双星编队SAP,进行差分干涉测量的特殊性和优越性,对双星编队SAR的立体基线进行分解,得到了差分干涉的有效基线分量,建立了双星编队SAR的差分干涉模型,并利用冗余图像采用数据融合的方法提高了测量精度,用地形形变量检测的仿真实验验证了模型和方法的正确性和有效性.     

防空体系中的光电对抗技术

为了有效对抗精确制导武器,在防空体系中大力发展光电对抗技术具有十分重要的意义。简述了防空体系中可以采用的几种光电对抗技术。     

扭力轴头的堆焊修复加激光强化

本文对某重载车辆扭力轴轴头的堆焊修复加激光强化工艺进行了试验研究.优选了激光强化的工艺参数;分析了堆焊及激光强化层的组织;并进行了硬度及接触疲劳试验.试验结果表明:堆焊加激光强化层的硬度高,其接触疲劳性能比原材料高频淬火略有提高;堆焊加激光强化修复扭力轴轴头具有较高的经济效益.     

布拉格衍射型冷原子干涉重力仪关键实验条件研究

文章介绍了一种基于n阶布拉格衍射的新型冷原子干涉重力仪,可以进一步提高现有拉曼跃迁型原子干涉重力仪的测量灵敏度和稳定度。在介绍布拉格衍射型原子干涉重力仪基本原理的基础上,建立了原子平行驻波入射的时间型布拉格衍射冷原子干涉重力仪理论模型,分析了实验所需的关键条件,包括原子团纵向温度,布拉格激光直径、曲率半径、频率、强度以及时序等。与已有实验数据的对比结果表明,本文所建模型合理,所得结论能够为实际构造一台布拉格衍射型冷原子干涉重力仪提供有意义的指导。     

Effects of nano-sized aluminum on detonation characteristics and metal acceleration for RDX-based aluminized explosive

Nano-sized aluminum(Nano-Al)powders hold promise in enhancing the total energy of explosives and the metal acceleration ability at the same time.However,the near-detonation zone effects of reaction between Nano-Al with detonation products remain unclear.In this study,the overall reaction process of 170 nm Al with RDX explosive and its effect on detonation characteristics,detonation reaction zone,and the metal acceleration ability were comprehensively investigated through a variety of experiments such as the detonation velocity test,detonation pressure test,explosive/window interface velocity test and confined plate push test using high-resolution laser interferometry.Lithium fluoride(LiF),which has an inert behavior during the explosion,was used as a control to compare the contribution of the reaction of aluminum.A thermochemical approach that took into account the reactivity of aluminum and ensuing detonation products was adopted to calculate the additional energy release by afterburn.Combining the numerical simulations based on the calculated afterburn energy and experimental results,the param-eters in the detonation equation of state describing the Nano-Al reaction characteristics were calibrated.This study found that when the 170 nm Al content is from 0％to 15％,every 5％increase of aluminum resulted in about a 1.3％decrease in detonation velocity.Manganin pressure gauge measurement showed no significant enhancement in detonation pressure.The detonation reaction time and reaction zone length of RDX/Al/wax/80/15/5 explosive is 64 ns and 0.47 mm,which is respectively 14％and 8％higher than that of RDX/wax/95/5 explosive(57 ns and 0.39 mm).Explosive/window interface velocity curves show that 170 nm Al mainly reacted with the RDX detonation products after the detonation front.For the recording time of about 10 μs throughout the plate push test duration,the maximum plate velocity and plate acceleration time accelerated by RDX/Al/wax/80/15/5 explosive is 12％and 2.9 μs higher than that of RDX/LiF/wax/80/15/5,respectively,indicating that the aluminum reaction energy significantly increased the metal acceleration time and ability of the explosive.Numerical simulations with JWLM explosive equation of state show that when the detonation products expanded to 2 times the initial volume,over 80％of the aluminum had reacted,implying very high reactivity.These results are significant in attaining a clear understanding of the reaction mechanism of Nano-Al in the development of aluminized explosives.